區域性漁業管理組織（RFMOs）是致力於漁業資源永續利用之政府間國際組織，特別係針對公海魚群及高度洄游魚類（例如鮪魚），訂定相關養護與管理措施，以保護漁業資源，並打擊「非法、未報告及不受規範」(IUU)之非法漁業活動。各區域性漁業管理組織係由區域內沿岸國及其他具有漁業利益之國家組成，其職責多在其設立之國際協定及其他相關國際文件中詳列，例如「聯合國糧農組織」（FAO）之「負責任漁業行為準則」及「聯合國履行1982年海洋法公約有關養護與管理跨界魚群與高度洄游魚群條款協定」（簡稱「聯合國魚群協定」(UNFSA)）。
我國參與區域性漁業管理組織的國際法律基礎，係「聯合國魚群協定」中的「本協定各項規定應比照適用於船隻在公海捕魚的其他捕魚實體」之規定，我國目前已以捕魚實體身分加入「北太平洋鮪類及似鮪類國際科學委員會」（ISC）、「中西太平洋漁業委員會」（WCPFC）、「美洲熱帶鮪魚委員會」（IATTC）、「南方黑鮪保育委員會（CCSBT）之延伸委員會(EC)」、「南太平洋區域漁業管理組織」（SPRFMO）、「北太平洋漁業委員會」（NPFC）以及「南印度洋漁業協定」（SIOFA）等區域性漁業管理組織。
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are inter-governmental organizations dedicated to sustainable management of fishery resources, especially those fish stocks on the high seas or highly-migratory species, notably tuna. RFMOs adopt conservation and management measures to protect fishery resources, and to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing). RFMOs are composed of coastal countries and other countries with fishing interests in the area. Their responsibilities have been outlined in international agreements for establishing such RFMOs and other relevant international instruments, such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA).
UNFSA provides the legal basis for Taiwan's participation in various RFMOs by stipulating that: "This Agreement applies mutatis mutandis to other fishing entities whose vessels fish on the high seas." Taiwan joined a number of RFMOs as a fishing entity, including the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), the Extended Commission (EC) for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO), the North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC), and the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement （SIOFA）.